Ka whakamahia e ngā pūnaha pouaka whakamātao ngā hauhautanga hei wai mahi, ā, e rua ngā āhua o ngā hauhautanga: te wai me te hau. I tēnei rā ka kōrero tātou mō ngā mōhiotanga e pā ana ki ngā hauhautanga wai.
1. He wai, he hau rānei te hau whakamatao?
E toru ngā wāhanga o ngā pouaka whakamātao: ngā pouaka whakamātao kotahi, ngā pouaka whakamātao whakauru kore-azeotropic, me ngā pouaka whakamātao whakauru azeotropic.
Kāore e rerekē te hanganga o te matū mahi kotahi o te hau mātao ahakoa he hau, he wai rānei, nō reira ka taea te utu i te āhua hau i te wā e utu ana i te hau mātao.
Ahakoa he rerekē te hanganga o te hau whakamatao azeotropic, nā te mea he rite te pūwāhi koropupū, he rite tonu te hanganga o te hau me te wai, nō reira ka taea te utu i te hau;
Nā te rerekētanga o ngā pāmahana kohua o ngā pouaka whakamatao kore-azeotropic, he rerekē te hanganga o ngā pouaka whakamatao wai me ngā pouaka whakamatao hau. Mēnā ka tāpirihia ngā pouaka whakamatao hau i tēnei wā, ka rerekē te hanganga o ngā pouaka whakamatao kua tāpirihia. Hei tauira, he pouaka whakamatao hau anake ka tāpirihia. He pouaka whakamatao, nō reira ko te wai anake ka taea te tāpiri.
Arā, me tāpiri he wai ki ngā pouaka whakamatao kore-azeotropic, ā, ka tīmata katoa ngā pouaka whakamatao kore-azeotropic ki te R4. Ka tāpirihia tēnei momo wai. Ko ngā pouaka whakamatao kore-azeotropic noa ko: R40, R401A, R403B, R404A, R406A, R407A, R407B, R407C, R408A, R409A, R410A, R41A.
Mō ētahi atu hauhautanga noa, pērā i: R134a, R22, R23, R290, R32, R500, R600a, kāore te hauhautanga, te wai rānei e pāngia e te tāpiringa o te hauhautanga, nō reira he watea.
I te tāpiri i te hau whakamatao, me aro tātou ki ngā mea e whai ake nei:
(1) Mātakihia ngā mirumiru i roto i te karāhe tirohanga;
(2) Ine i te pēhanga teitei me te pēhanga iti;
(3) Inehia te iahiko o te pūwero;
(4) Paunatia te werohanga.
Hei tāpiritanga, me mārama, me whakanui hoki:
Me tāpiri ngā hauhautanga kore-azeotropic ki te āhua wai. Hei tauira, ko te hauhautanga R410A, ko tōna hanganga penei:
R32 (difluoromethane): 50%;
R125 (pentafluoroethane): 50%;
Nā te rerekētanga o ngā pūmahana koropupū o R32 me R125, ina waihotia te rango whakamatao R410A kia tū, ka rerekē te pūmahana koropupū o R32 me R125, ā, ka mutu, ka mimiti te hau whakamatao i te taha whakarunga o te rango whakamatao, ā, kāore te hanganga i te 50% R32+ 50% R125, nā te iti o te pūmahana koropupū o R32, he tino tūponotanga ko te taha whakarunga o te whakamatao he wāhanga o te R32.
Nō reira, ki te tāpirihia he hau whakamatao, ehara te hau whakamatao e tāpirihia ana i te R410A, engari ko te R32.
Tuarua, ko ngā raruraru noa o ngā pouaka whakamatao wai
1. Te hekenga o te hauhautanga wai
Ko te hekenga o te hauhautanga e pā ana ki te kohikohinga o te hauhautanga wai i roto i te pouaka whakakā o te pūwero ina kati te pūwero. Mēnā he mātao ake te pāmahana i roto i te pūwero i te pāmahana i roto i te whakapūngao, ka panaia te hauhautanga ki tētahi wāhi mātao ake e te rerekētanga pēhanga i waenga i te pūwero me te whakapūngao. Tērā pea ka puta tēnei āhuatanga i ngā takurua makariri. Heoi, mō ngā hauhautanga me ngā papu wera, ina tawhiti te wāhanga whakapūngao i te pūwero, ka puta pea te hekenga ahakoa he teitei te pāmahana.
Kia whakawetohia te pūnaha, ki te kore e whakakāhia i roto i ētahi haora, ahakoa kāore he rerekētanga pēhanga, ka puta pea te āhuatanga hekenga nā te kukume o te hau whakamatao i roto i te pouaka crank ki te hau whakamatao.
Ki te heke te hauhautanga wai taikaha ki roto i te pouaka crank o te compressor, ka puta he āhuatanga pakaru wai nui ina tīmata te compressor, ka hua ake he maha ngā pakaru o te compressor, pērā i te pakaru o te pereti takirere, te kino o te piston, te pakaru o te peera me te memeha o te peera (Ka horoia e te hauhautanga te hinu mai i ngā peera).
2. Te puhaketanga o te wai whakamatao
Ina kore te takirere whānui, ina kore rānei te pā hau whakapūhau, ina āraia rānei e te tātari hau, ka puea ake te wai whakamatao i roto i te whakapūhau, ka tomo ki te pūwero mā te paipa momi, ehara i te mea he wai. I te wā e rere ana te waeine, nā te puea ake o te wai e whakamāeneene ana i te hinu whakamatao, ka pakaru ngā wāhanga neke o te pūwero, ā, ka heke te pēhanga hinu, ka mahi te taputapu haumaru pēhanga hinu, ka ngaro te hinu o te pouaka whakakā. I tēnei wā, ki te whakawetohia te mīhini, ka tere te hekenga o te hau whakamatao, ka hua ake he hama wai ina tīmata anō.
3. Te pā o te wai
Ina pā te hama wai, ka rangona te tangi pakū o te konganuku mai i roto i te pūwero, ā, tera pea ka haere tahi me te wiri nui o te pūwero. Ka taea e te pakū wai te pakaru o te takirere, te kino o te gasket o te pane o te pūwero, te whati o te tokotoko hono, te whati o te porowhita, me te kino o ētahi atu momo pūwero. Ka puta te hama wai ina heke te wai whakamatao ki roto i te pouaka pūwero ka tīmata anō. I ētahi waeine, nā te hanganga paipa, te wāhi rānei o ngā wāhanga, ka kohia te wai whakamatao ki roto i te paipa momi, i te mimiti rānei i te wā e kati ana te waeine, ka uru ki te pūwero hei wai parakore, ā, he tino tere ina tahuri te waeine. . He rawaka te tere me te kore e taea te aukati i tētahi parenga pūwero kua hangaia ki roto mai i te pakū wai.
4. Te mahi a te taputapu whakahaere haumaru waipēhi
I roto i tētahi huinga waeine pāmahana iti, i muri i te wā whakarewa, ka mahi te taputapu whakahaere haumaru pēhanga hinu nā te waipuke o te wai whakamatao. He maha ngā pūnaha kua hangaia kia taea ai e te whakamatao te whakamatao te whakapūmau i roto i te raina whakapūngao me te momi i te wā whakarewa, kātahi ka rere ki roto i te pouaka whakakā o te kōpeke i te tīmatanga ka heke te pēhanga hinu, ka mahi te taputapu haumaru pēhanga hinu.
I ētahi wā, kāore e pā kino te mahi a te taputapu whakahaere haumaru pēhanga hinu ki te pūwero, engari ki te maha ngā mahi ka mahia anōtia me te kore he pai o ngā tikanga whakahinuhinu, ka pakaru te pūwero. He maha ngā wā ka kiia te taputapu whakahaere haumaru pēhanga hinu he hapa iti noa iho e te kaiwhakahaere, engari he whakatūpato tēnei kua neke atu i te rua meneti te oma o te pūwero me te kore he whakahinuhinu, ā, me whakatinana ngā mahi whakatikatika i te wā tika.
3. Ngā otinga mō te raruraru o ngā pouaka whakamatao wai
Ko te pūwero hauhautanga, he pai te hoahoa, he whai hua hoki mō te whakamatao, te hauhautanga, me ngā papu wera, he papu kohu anake ka taea te whakahaere i tētahi nui o te wai whakamatao wai me te hinu whakamatao. Hei hoahoa i tētahi pūwero hauhautanga ka taea te whakahaere i ngā wai whakamatao wai me te hinu whakamatao, me whai whakaaro ki te huinga o te rahi, te taumaha, te kaha whakamatao, te whai huatanga, te haruru me te utu. Haunga ngā āhuatanga hoahoa, he mea pumau te nui o te wai whakamatao wai ka taea e te pūwero hauhautanga, ā, ko tōna kaha whakahaere ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei: te rahinga o te pouaka whakakā, te utu hinu whakamatao, te momo pūnaha me ngā mana whakahaere, me ngā āhuatanga mahi noa.
Ina piki ake te utu o te hauhautanga, ka piki ake te tūponotanga o te mōrearea ki te pūwhakakoi. Ko ngā take o te kino ka taea te kī ko ēnei ngā take e whai ake nei:
(1) Te nui rawa o te utu o te hauhautanga.
(2) Kua pania te hukapapa ki te mīhini whakamomona.
(3) He paru te tātari whakapūhau, ā, kua āraia.
(4) Kua rahua te pā hau whakapūhau, te motuka pā hau rānei.
(5) Kōwhiringa hē o te uaua toto.
(6) Kāore i te tika te kōwhiringa, te whakatikatika rānei o te takirere whakawhanui.
(7) Te hekenga o te hauhautanga.
1. Te hekenga o te hauhautanga wai
Ko te hekenga o te hauhautanga e pā ana ki te kohikohinga o te hauhautanga wai i roto i te pouaka whakakā o te pūwero ina kati te pūwero. Mēnā he mātao ake te pāmahana i roto i te pūwero i te pāmahana i roto i te whakapūngao, ka panaia te hauhautanga ki tētahi wāhi mātao ake e te rerekētanga pēhanga i waenga i te pūwero me te whakapūngao. Tērā pea ka puta tēnei āhuatanga i ngā takurua makariri. Heoi, mō ngā hauhautanga me ngā papu wera, ina tawhiti te wāhanga whakapūngao i te pūwero, ka puta pea te hekenga ahakoa he teitei te pāmahana.
Kia whakawetohia te pūnaha, ki te kore e whakakāhia i roto i ētahi haora, ahakoa kāore he rerekētanga pēhanga, ka puta pea te āhuatanga hekenga nā te kukume o te hau whakamatao i roto i te pouaka crank ki te hau whakamatao.
Ki te heke te hauhautanga wai taikaha ki roto i te pouaka crank o te compressor, ka puta he āhuatanga pakaru wai nui ina tīmata te compressor, ka hua ake he maha ngā pakaru o te compressor, pērā i te pakaru o te pereti takirere, te kino o te piston, te pakaru o te peera me te memeha o te peera (Ka horoia e te hauhautanga te hinu mai i ngā peera).
2. Te puhaketanga o te wai whakamatao
Ina kore te takirere whānui, ina kore rānei te pā hau whakapūhau, ina āraia rānei e te tātari hau, ka puea ake te wai whakamatao i roto i te whakapūhau, ka tomo ki te pūwero mā te paipa momi, ehara i te mea he wai. I te wā e rere ana te waeine, nā te puea ake o te wai e whakamāeneene ana i te hinu whakamatao, ka pakaru ngā wāhanga neke o te pūwero, ā, ka heke te pēhanga hinu, ka mahi te taputapu haumaru pēhanga hinu, ka ngaro te hinu o te pouaka whakakā. I tēnei wā, ki te whakawetohia te mīhini, ka tere te hekenga o te hau whakamatao, ka hua ake he hama wai ina tīmata anō.
3. Te pā o te wai
Ina pā te hama wai, ka rangona te tangi pakū o te konganuku mai i roto i te pūwero, ā, tera pea ka haere tahi me te wiri nui o te pūwero. Ka taea e te pakū wai te pakaru o te takirere, te kino o te gasket o te pane o te pūwero, te whati o te tokotoko hono, te whati o te porowhita, me te kino o ētahi atu momo pūwero. Ka puta te hama wai ina heke te wai whakamatao ki roto i te pouaka pūwero ka tīmata anō. I ētahi waeine, nā te hanganga paipa, te wāhi rānei o ngā wāhanga, ka kohia te wai whakamatao ki roto i te paipa momi, i te mimiti rānei i te wā e kati ana te waeine, ka uru ki te pūwero hei wai parakore, ā, he tino tere ina tahuri te waeine. . He rawaka te tere me te kore e taea te aukati i tētahi parenga pūwero kua hangaia ki roto mai i te pakū wai.
4. Te mahi a te taputapu whakahaere haumaru waipēhi
I roto i tētahi huinga waeine pāmahana iti, i muri i te wā whakarewa, ka mahi te taputapu whakahaere haumaru pēhanga hinu nā te waipuke o te wai whakamatao. He maha ngā pūnaha kua hangaia kia taea ai e te whakamatao te whakamatao te whakapūmau i roto i te raina whakapūngao me te momi i te wā whakarewa, kātahi ka rere ki roto i te pouaka whakakā o te kōpeke i te tīmatanga ka heke te pēhanga hinu, ka mahi te taputapu haumaru pēhanga hinu.
I ētahi wā, kāore e pā kino te mahi a te taputapu whakahaere haumaru pēhanga hinu ki te pūwero, engari ki te maha ngā mahi ka mahia anōtia me te kore he pai o ngā tikanga whakahinuhinu, ka pakaru te pūwero. He maha ngā wā ka kiia te taputapu whakahaere haumaru pēhanga hinu he hapa iti noa iho e te kaiwhakahaere, engari he whakatūpato tēnei kua neke atu i te rua meneti te oma o te pūwero me te kore he whakahinuhinu, ā, me whakatinana ngā mahi whakatikatika i te wā tika.
3. Ngā otinga mō te raruraru o ngā pouaka whakamatao wai
Ko te pūwero hauhautanga, he pai te hoahoa, he whai hua hoki mō te whakamatao, te hauhautanga, me ngā papu wera, he papu kohu anake ka taea te whakahaere i tētahi nui o te wai whakamatao wai me te hinu whakamatao. Hei hoahoa i tētahi pūwero hauhautanga ka taea te whakahaere i ngā wai whakamatao wai me te hinu whakamatao, me whai whakaaro ki te huinga o te rahi, te taumaha, te kaha whakamatao, te whai huatanga, te haruru me te utu. Haunga ngā āhuatanga hoahoa, he mea pumau te nui o te wai whakamatao wai ka taea e te pūwero hauhautanga, ā, ko tōna kaha whakahaere ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei: te rahinga o te pouaka whakakā, te utu hinu whakamatao, te momo pūnaha me ngā mana whakahaere, me ngā āhuatanga mahi noa.
Ina piki ake te utu o te hauhautanga, ka piki ake te tūponotanga o te mōrearea ki te pūwhakakoi. Ko ngā take o te kino ka taea te kī ko ēnei ngā take e whai ake nei:
(1) Te nui rawa o te utu o te hauhautanga.
(2) Kua pania te hukapapa ki te mīhini whakamomona.
(3) He paru te tātari whakapūhau, ā, kua āraia.
(4) Kua rahua te pā hau whakapūhau, te motuka pā hau rānei.
(5) Kōwhiringa hē o te uaua toto.
(6) Kāore i te tika te kōwhiringa, te whakatikatika rānei o te takirere whakawhanui.
(7) Te hekenga o te hauhautanga.
Wā tuku: Mei-31-2022
