Ko te pūnaha whakamatao he kupu whānui mō ngā taputapu me ngā paipa e rere ai te hau whakamatao, tae atu ki ngā compressors, ngā condensers, ngā taputapu whakawhāiti, ngā evaporator, ngā paipa me ngā taputapu āwhina. Koinei te wāhanga matua o te pūnaha o ngā taputapu hauhautanga, ngā taputapu whakamatao me te pouaka whakamātao.
He maha ngā momo hapa aukati i roto i te pūnaha pouaka whakamātao, pērā i te aukati hukapapa, te aukati paru, me te aukati hinu. I runga i te takirere utu taha, ko te tohu he pēhanga kino, he māmā te tangi o te waeine o waho e oma ana, ā, kāore he tangi wai e rere ana i roto i te evaporator.
Ngā take me ngā tohu o te aukati huka
Ko ngā hapa o te aukati hukapapa e puta mai ana i te makuku nui i roto i te pūnaha pouaka whakamātao. I te haere tonu o te hauhautanga, ka āta kohikohi te makuku i roto i te pūnaha pouaka whakamātao ki te putanga o te capillary. Nā te mea he iti rawa te pāmahana i te putanga o te capillary, ka tio te wai, ā, ka piki haere, tae noa ki tētahi taumata, ka tino āraia te capillary, kāore e taea te rere o te hauhautanga, ā, kāore te pouaka whakamātao e whakamatao.
Ko te pūtake matua o te makuku i roto i te pūnaha whakamatao ko: kei roto i te pepa whakamahana motuka i roto i te pūwero te makuku, koinei te pūtake matua o te makuku i roto i te pūnaha. Hei tāpiri, kei ngā wāhanga me ngā paipa hono o te pūnaha whakamatao he makuku toenga nā te kore e maroke rawa; kei roto i te hinu pouaka whakamatao me te hauhautanga te makuku e nui ake ana i te nui e whakaaetia ana; ka mimitihia e te pepa whakamahana motuka me te hinu whakamatao. Nā ngā take i runga ake nei, ko te nui o te wai i roto i te pūnaha whakamatao e nui ake ana i te nui e whakaaetia ana o te pūnaha whakamatao, ā, ka puta he hukapapa e aukatia ana. I tetahi taha, ka kore e taea e te hukapapa te aukati te huri i te hauhautanga, ā, e kore e taea e te pouaka whakamatao te whakamatao noa; i tetahi atu taha, ka tauhohe te wai ki te hauhautanga ki te whakaputa waikawa hauwai me te hauwai fluoride, ka puta he waikura o ngā paipa me ngā wāhanga whakarewa, ā, ka pakaru hoki ngā takai motuka. Ka pakaru te whakamahana, ā, i te wa ano, ka heke te hinu pouaka whakamatao, ka pā ki te hinu whakahinuhinu o te pūwero. Nō reira, me pupuri te makuku i roto i te pūnaha kia iti rawa.
Ko ngā tohu o te aukati huka i roto i te pūnaha whakamatao ko te mahi noa i te wā tuatahi, ka puta te huka i roto i te mīhini whakapūngao, ka whakamararatia te wera e te mīhini whakapūngao, ka maeneene te oma o te waeine, ā, ka mārama, ka pumau te tangi o te mahi whakamatao i roto i te mīhini whakapūngao. I te hanganga o te aukati huka, ka rangona te ngoikore haere o te hau, ka mutu te rere. Ina tino kaha te aukati, ka ngaro te tangi o te hau, ka motuhia te huringa whakamatao, ā, ka mātao haere te mīhini whakapūngao. Nā te aukati, ka piki te pēhanga putanga hau, ka piki te tangi o te mīhini, kāore he mīhini whakapūngao e rere ana ki roto i te mīhini whakapūngao, ka heke haere te wāhi hukapapa, ā, ka piki haere te pāmahana. I taua wā anō, ka piki tahi te pāmahana o te capillary, nō reira ka tīmata te rewa o ngā poraka huka. Ka tīmata anō te hurihanga o te mīhini whakapūngao. I muri i tētahi wā, ka puta anō te aukati huka, ka hanga he āhuatanga aukati-haere ā-wā.
Ngā take me ngā tohu o te aukati paru
Ko ngā hapa aukati paru e puta mai ana i te nui rawa o ngā poke i roto i te pūnaha pouaka whakamātao. Ko ngā pūtake matua o ngā poke i roto i te pūnaha ko: te puehu me ngā konganuku i te wā e hangaia ana ngā pouaka whakamātao, te paparanga waikura i te pakitara o roto o ngā paipa i te wā e whakarewahia ana, kāore ngā mata o roto me waho o ngā wāhanga e horoia ana i te wā e tukatukahia ana, ā, kāore ngā paipa i hiritia kia piri. I roto i te paipa, kei reira ngā poke i roto i te hinu mīhini pouaka whakamātao me te hauhautanga, me te paura whakamaroke kounga iti i roto i te tātari whakamaroke. Ko te nuinga o ēnei poke me ngā paura ka tangohia e te tātari maroke ina rere mā roto i te tātari maroke, ā, ina nui ake ngā poke o te tātari maroke, ka kawea mai ētahi paru me ngā poke ki roto i te ngongo capillary e te hauhautanga me te tere rere teitei ake. Ka kohia, ka kohia hoki ngā wāhanga he nui ake te ātete, ā, ka piki ake te ātete, ka māmā ake te noho o ngā poke tae noa ki te aukati i te capillary, ā, kāore e taea e te pūnaha pouaka whakamātao te rere. Hei tāpiri, ki te tata rawa te tawhiti i waenga i te capillary me te mata tātari i roto i te tātari maroke, ka ngāwari te aukati paru; Hei tāpiritanga, i te wā e whakarewahia ana te pūwero me te tātari maroke, he ngāwari hoki te whakarewa i te pūwero pūwero.
I muri i te paru me te ārai o te pūnaha whakamatao, nā te mea kāore e taea e te hauhautanga te rere, ka rere tonu te pūwero, kāore te evaporator i te makariri, kāore te condenser i te wera, kāore te anga o te pūwero i te wera, ā, kāore he haruru o te rere o te hau i roto i te evaporator. Mēnā he ārai wāhanga, ka mātao, ka hukapapa rānei te evaporator, engari kāore he huka. Ina pā koe ki te mata o waho o te tātari maroke me te capillary, ka tino makariri, ka huka, ā, ka puta he paparanga huka mā. Nā te mea i te wā e rere ai te hauhautanga mā roto i te tātari maroke, i te ngongo capillary rānei kua āraia, ka puta te whakawhāiti me te whakaheke i te pēhanga, kia whānui ai te hauhautanga e rere ana mā roto i te aukati, ka mimiti, ka mimiti hoki i te wera, ka hua ake he hauhautanga, he hauhautanga rānei ki te mata o waho o te aukati. Hukapapa.
Te rerekētanga i waenga i te aukati hukapapa me te aukati paru: i muri i tētahi wā, ka taea e te hukapapa te whakamatao anō, ka hanga he whakatuwheratanga auau mō tētahi wā, ka aukati mō tētahi wā, ka whakatuwhera anō i muri i te aukati, ka aukati anō i muri i te whakatuwheratanga. I muri i te aukati paru, kāore e taea te rongoa ki te pouaka whakamātao.
Haunga ngā kapiti paru, ki te mea he maha ngā poke i roto i te pūnaha, ka āta āraia te tātari maroke. Nā te mea he iti te kaha o te tātari ki te tango i te paru me ngā poke, ka āraia nā te kohikohi tonu o ngā poke.
Te korenga o te aukati hinu me ētahi atu korenga o te aukati paipa
Ko te take matua mō te purua o te hinu ki roto i te pūnaha pouaka whakamātao he nui rawa te pakaru o te rango kōpeke, he nui rawa rānei te āputa i waenganui i te piston me te rango.
Ka tukuna te penehīni e tukuna ana mai i te pūwero ki roto i te pūwero, kātahi ka uru ki te tātari maroke me te hauhautanga. Nā te matotoru o te hinu, ka āraia e te wai whakamaroke i roto i te tātari. Ina nui rawa te hinu, ka āraia te tomokanga o te tātari, ka kore e taea e te hauhautanga te rere noa, ā, kāore te pouaka whakamātao e whakamatao.
Ko te take o te aukati i ētahi atu paipa: ina whakarewahia te paipa, ka aukatia e te whakapiripiri; ina whakakapia rānei te ngongo, ka aukatia te ngongo kua whakakapia, ā, kāore anō kia kitea. Nā te tangata ēnei aukati i puta ai, nō reira me whakarewa me te whakakapi i te ngongo, me whakahaere me te tirotiro kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga, e kore ai e puta he pakaru o te aukati horihori.
Te tikanga mo te tango i te aukati o te pūnaha whakamatao
1 Te rapurongoā mō te aukati hukapapa
Nā te nui rawa o te makuku i roto i te pūnaha te aukati hukapapa, nō reira me whakamaroke te pūnaha whakamatao katoa. E rua ngā huarahi hei whakatau i tēnei:
1. Whakamahia he oumu whakamaroke hei whakamahana, hei whakamaroke hoki i ia wāhanga. Tangohia te pūwero, te whakapūmau, te whakapūhau, te pūhaumāota, me te paipa whakahoki hau i roto i te pūnaha whakamatao mai i te pouaka whakamātao, ka whakanoho ki roto i te oumu whakamaroke hei whakamahana, hei whakamaroke hoki. Ko te pāmahana i roto i te pouaka he tata ki te 120°C, ko te wā whakamaroke he 4 hāora. I muri i te whakamatao maori, pupuhihia, ka whakamarokehia ki te hauota takitahi. Whakakapia ki tētahi tātari maroke hou, kātahi ka haere ki te huihuinga me te whakarewa, te kimi turuturu pēhanga, te whakakorekore, te whakakī i te whakamatao, te whakamātautau mahi me te hiri. Ko tēnei tikanga te huarahi pai ki te rapu raruraru i te aukati hukapapa, engari e pā ana ki te tari whakamana o te kaihanga pouaka whakamātao anake. Ka taea e ngā tari whakatika whānui te whakamahi i ngā tikanga pēnei i te whakamahana me te tango i ngā hapa aukati hukapapa.
2. Whakamahia te whakamahana me te tango puehu me te tango puehu tuarua hei tango i te makuku mai i ngā wāhanga o te pūnaha whakamatao.
2 Te whakakore i ngā hapa aukati paru
E rua ngā huarahi hei whakatau i te paru o te aukati o te uaua toto: ko te whakamahi i te hauota pēhanga teitei me ētahi atu tikanga hei pupuhi i te uaua toto kua aukatia. Me kore e taea e te tikanga o runga ake nei te whakakore i te hapa, whakakapia te uaua toto hei whakakore i te hapa, penei:
1. Whakamahia te hauota pēhanga teitei hei pupuhi i te paru i roto i te pūwero: tapahia te paipa tukatuka hei tango i te wai, whakarewahia te pūwero mai i te tātari maroke, honoa te takirere whakatika-toru ki te paipa tukatuka o te compressor, ka whakakīia ki te pēhanga teitei o te 0.6-0.8MPa Hauota, ka whakatika i te pūwero, whakamahanahia ki te mura whakapūwero hau, whakapūwerohia te paru i roto i te ngongo, ka pupuhihia te paru i roto i te pūwero i raro i te mahi a te hauota pēhanga teitei. Kia kore e āraia te pūwero, tāpirihia he 100 ml o te waro tetrachloride hei horoi hau. Ka taea te horoi i te condenser ki te waro tetrachloride i runga i te taputapu horoi paipa. Kātahi ka whakakapia te tātari maroke, kātahi ka whakakīia ki te hauota hei kite i ngā turuturu, ka whakakorekorehia, ā, hei whakamutunga ka whakakīia ki te hauota.
2. Whakakapia te kāpira: Ki te kore e taea te horoi i te paru i roto i te kāpira mā te tikanga o runga ake nei, ka taea e koe te whakakapi i te kāpira me te ngongo pēhanga iti. Tuatahi tangohia te ngongo pēhanga iti me te kāpira mai i te hononga parahi-konumohe o te mīhini whakapūngao mā te whakarewa hau. I te wā e wetewetehia ana, e whakarewahia ana hoki, me takai te hononga parahi-konumohe ki te miro miro mākū kia kore ai e wera te ngongo konumohe i te pāmahana teitei.
I te whakakapinga o te ngongo kāpia, me ine te tere rere. Kaua te putanga o te ngongo kāpia e whakapirihia ki te tomokanga o te evaporator. Tāutahia he takirere whakapaipai me te ine pēhanga ki te tomokanga me te putanga o te compressor. Ina ōrite te pēhanga hau o waho, me pumau te pēhanga tohu o te ine pēhanga teitei i te 1~1.2MPa. Mena ka nui ake te pēhanga, ko te tikanga he iti rawa te tere rere, ā, ka taea te tapahi i tētahi wāhanga o te kāpia kia pai ra ano te pēhanga. Mena he iti rawa te pēhanga, ko te tikanga he nui rawa te tere rere. Ka taea e koe te takai i te kāpia kia maha ngā wā hei whakanui ake i te ātete o te kāpia, te whakakapi rānei i tētahi kāpia. Kia pai te pēhanga, whakapirihia te kāpia ki te paipa tomokanga o te evaporator.
I te wā e whakarewahia ana he taura hou, me tata ki te 4 ki te 5 henimita te roa e whakaurua ana ki te hononga parahi-konumohe kia kore ai e aukatia te whakarewa. Ina whakarewahia te taura ki te tātari maroke, me 2.5 henimita te roa e whakaurua ana. Mena ka nui rawa te whakaurunga o te taura ki roto i te tātari maroke, ā, he tata rawa ki te mata tātari, ka uru ngā matūriki tātari ngota iti ki roto i te taura ka ārai i a ia. Mena he iti rawa te whakaurunga o te taura, ka uru ngā poke me ngā matūriki tātari ngota i te wā e whakarewahia ana ki roto i te taura ka ārai tika i te awa o te taura. Nō reira, kāore e nui rawa, kāore hoki e iti rawa te whakaurunga o ngā taura ki roto i te tātari. Ka puta he tūponotanga aukati ina nui rawa, ina iti rawa rānei. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 6-11 i te tūranga hononga o te taura me te whakamaroke tātari.
3 Te rapurongoā mō te purunga hinu
Ko te pakaru o te hinu e tohu ana he nui rawa te hinu mīhini pouaka whakamātao e toe ana i roto i te pūnaha pouaka whakamātao, ka pā ki te hua whakamatao, ka kore rānei e taea te pouaka whakamātao. Nō reira, me horoi te hinu mīhini pouaka whakamātao i roto i te pūnaha.
Ina āraia te hinu tātari, me whakakapi he tātari hou, ā, i te wā kotahi, whakamahia te hauota pēhanga teitei hei pupuhi i tētahi wāhanga o te hinu mīhini pouaka whakamātao kua kohia i roto i te pūwhakamātao, ā, whakamahia he whakamaroke makawe hei whakamahana i te pūwhakamātao ina whakaurua te hauota.
Wā tuku: Maehe-06-2023
