1. He aha ngā āhuatanga o ngā pūwhakapūngao toremi?
Ko te pūwero turbo he momo pūwero turbo, he nui te rahinga hau tukatuka, he iti te rahinga, he māmā te hanganga, he pumau te mahi, he watea te tiaki, kāore he poke hau e te hinu, ā, he maha ngā momo taraiwa ka taea te whakamahi.
2. Me pēhea te mahi a te pūwero hau?
Ko te whāinga matua o te whakanui ake i te pēhanga hau ko te whakanui ake i te maha o ngā ngota hau mō ia rōrahi, arā, te whakapoto i te tawhiti i waenga i ngā ngota hau me ngā ngota. Ko te wāhanga mahi (te impeller hurihuri tere-rahi) ka mahi i te mahi ki runga i te hau, kia piki ake ai te pēhanga o te hau i raro i te mahi centrifugal, ā, kia tino piki ake hoki te kaha nekeneke. Hei whakanui ake i te pēhanga hau, koinei te kaupapa mahi a te compressor centrifugal.
3. He aha ngā pūwhakatere matua e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā pūwhakatere porowhita?
Ko ngā miihini matua e whakamahia ana mō ngā pūwero toriti ko: te motuka hiko, te tāpine mamaoa, te tāpine hau, me ētahi atu.
4. He aha ngā taputapu āwhina o te pūwero toremi?
Ko te mahi a te miihini matua o te pūwero hau e ahu mai ana i te mahi noa o ngā taputapu āwhina. Kei roto i ngā taputapu āwhina ēnei āhuatanga e whai ake nei:
(1) Pūnaha hinu whakahinuhinu.
(2) Pūnaha whakamatao.
(3) Pūnaha waikura.
(4) Ko te pūnaha taputapu hiko te pūnaha whakahaere.
(5) Pūnaha hiri hau maroke.
5. He aha ngā momo pūwero porowhita e ai ki ō rātou āhuatanga hanganga?
E ai ki ngā āhuatanga hanganga, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā pūwero hiko ki te momo wehenga whakapae, te momo wehenga poutū, te momo kōpeketanga isothermal, te momo whakakotahi me ētahi atu momo.
6. He aha ngā wāhanga o te rotor?
Kei roto i te rotor he pou matua, he impeller, he ringaringa pou, he nati pou, he mokowā, he kōpae taurite me te kōpae pana.
7. He aha te whakamāramatanga o te taumata?
Ko te atamira te waeine taketake o te pūwero toriti, he mea tito mai i te impeller me te huinga o ngā huānga pumau e mahi tahi ana me ia.
8. He aha te whakamāramatanga o te kupu wāhanga?
Ko ia wāhanga i waenganui i te tauranga whakauru me te tauranga whakaputanga he wāhanga, ā, kotahi, he maha rānei ngā wāhanga o te wāhanga.
9. He aha te whakamāramatanga o te rango?
Kotahi, maha rānei ngā wāhanga o te rango o te pūwero topatopa, ā, ka taea e te rango te whakauru i te iti rawa o te kotahi wāhanga, me te mōrahi o te tekau wāhanga.
10. He aha te whakamāramatanga o te pou?
I ētahi wā, me titoa ngā pūwero pehanga-teitei ki te rua, neke atu rānei ngā rango. Ka whakaritea tētahi pūwero, ētahi rānei, ki runga i tētahi tuaka hei rarangi pūwero pehanga-teitei. He rerekē te tere hurihuri o ngā rarangi rerekē. He teitei ake te tere hurihuri i te rarangi pehanga iti, ā, he nui ake te diameter o te impeller o te rarangi pehanga teitei i te rarangi pehanga iti i te rarangi o te tere hurihuri ōrite (coaxial).
11. He aha te mahi a te impeller? He aha ngā momo e rite ana ki ngā āhuatanga hanganga?
Ko te impeller anake te wāhanga o te compressor centrifugal e mahi ana i runga i te reo hau. Ka huri te reo hau me te impeller i raro i te pana centrifugal o te impeller hurihuri tere-rahi kia whiwhi ai i te kaha nekeneke, ka hurihia hei kaha pēhanga e te diffuser. I raro i te mahi a te kaha centrifugal, ka makahia atu i te putanga impeller, ka tomo ki te impeller o te wāhanga e whai ake nei i te diffuser, te piko, me te taputapu whakahoki mō te pēhanga anō kia tukuna rā anō mai i te putanga compressor.
E ai ki ngā āhuatanga hanganga, e toru ngā momo o te impeller: te momo tuwhera, te momo haurua-tuwhera me te momo kati.
12. He aha te āhua o te rere mōrahi o te pūwhakapūngao tohanga?
Ina tae te tere rere ki te mōrahi, ko te āhua nei ko te āhua rere mōrahi. E rua ngā mea ka taea mō tēnei āhua:
Tuatahi, ka tae te rere o te hau i te korokoro o tētahi ara rere i te wāhanga ki tētahi āhua tino nui. I tēnei wā, kua eke kē te nui o te rere o te hau ki te uara mōrahi. Ahakoa te nui o te whakaiti i te pēhanga whakamuri o te pūwhakakoi, kāore e taea te whakanui ake i te rere. Ka huri anō hoki tēnei āhua hei "ārai" "Ngā Āhuatanga."
Ko te tuarua, kāore anō te awa rere kia eke ki tētahi āhua tino nui, arā, kāore he āhua "ārai", engari he nui te ngaronga o te rere o te pūwero i roto i te mīhini i te tere rere nui, ā, he tino iti te pēhanga putanga hau ka taea te whakarato, tata ki te kore. Ka taea anake te whakamahi i te pūngao hei wikitoria i te ātete i roto i te paipa putanga hau hei pupuri i tētahi rere nui pēnei, koinei te āhua rere mōrahi o te pūwero pūwero.
13. He aha te ngaru o te pūwero toriti?
I te wā e hangaia ana, e whakahaerehia ana hoki ngā pūwero hau, i ētahi wā ka puta ohorere ngā wiri kaha, ā, ka tino rerekē te rere me te pēhanga o te hau, me te haere tahi me ngā oro "karanga" puhoi, me ngā rerekētanga o te rere o te hau i roto i te whatunga paipa. Ko te haruru kaha o te "wheezing" me te "wheezing" e kiia ana ko te āhua ngaru o te pūwero hau. Kāore e taea e te pūwero te oma mō te wā roa i raro i te āhua ngaru. Kia uru te pūwero ki te āhua ngaru, me mahi tonu te kaiwhakahaere i ngā mahi whakatikatika hei whakaiti i te pēhanga putanga, hei whakanui ake rānei i te rere tomo, putanga rānei, kia tere ai te puta o te pūwero i te rohe ngaru, kia tutuki ai te mahi pumau o te pūwero.
14. He aha ngā āhuatanga o te āhuatanga ngaru nui?
Kia mahi te pūwero topatopa me te āhuatanga ngaru, ko ngā āhuatanga o te mahi a te waeine me te whatunga paipa e whai ake nei:
(1) Ka tino rerekē te pēhanga putanga me te tere rere o te hau, ā, i ētahi wā ka puta te āhuatanga rere hau whakamuri. Ka whakawhitia te hau mai i te putanga o te pūwero ki te putanga, he āhuatanga morearea tēnei.
(2) He wiri auau te whatunga paipa, he nui te kaha, he iti hoki te auau, ā, he "haruru" auau hoki.
(3) Ka wiri kaha te tinana o te pūwero, ka wiri kaha te anga me te peera, ā, ka puta he oro kaha o te hau i ia wā. Nā te wiri kaha, ka pakaru te āhua whakahinuhinu o te peera, ka wera te rakau peera, ā, ka takahurihia te pou. Ki te pakaru, ka pā te waku me te tukinga ki te rotor me te stator, ā, ka tino pakaru te wāhanga hiri.
15. Me pēhea te mahi i te whakatikatika ārai-ngaru?
He tino kino te pānga o te ngaru hiko, engari kāore e taea te whakakore i roto i te hoahoa tae noa mai ki tēnei wā. Ka taea anake te ngana ki te karo i te oma o te waeine ki te āhua ngaru hiko i te wā e whakahaerehia ana. Ko te kaupapa o te ārai-ngaru hiko ko te aro ki te pūtake o te ngaru hiko. Ina tata te puta o te ngaru hiko, ngana tonu ki te whakanui ake i te rere o te compressor kia puta ai te waeine i waho o te rohe ngaru hiko. E toru ngā tikanga motuhake mō te ārai-ngaru hiko:
(1) Tikanga ārai hau hau wāhanga.
(2) Tikanga whakahuri hau ā-wāhanga.
(3) Hurihia te tere whakahaere o te pūwhakakoi.
16. He aha te take e rere ai te pūwero i raro iho i te rohenga ngaru?
(1) He nui rawa te pēhanga o te putanga whakamuri.
(2) Kua whakawhāitihia te takirere o te raina whakauru.
(3) Kua whakawhāitihia te takirere putanga.
(4) He hapa, he hē rānei te whakarerekētanga o te takirere ārai-ngaru.
17. He aha ngā tikanga whakatikatika i ngā āhuatanga mahi o ngā pūwero toremi?
I te mea ka rerekē haere ngā tawhā tukanga i roto i te whakaputanga, he mea tika kia whakarerekētia ā-ringa, ā-aunoa rānei te pūwero, kia taea ai e te pūwero te urutau ki ngā whakaritenga whakaputa me te mahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga mahi hurihuri, kia mau tonu ai te pumau o te pūnaha whakaputa.
E rua ngā momo whakatikatika mō ngā pūwero porowhita: ko tētahi he whakatikatika pēhanga ōrite, arā, ka whakatikatikaina te tere rere i raro i te kaupapa o te pēhanga whakamuri pumau; ko tētahi he whakatikatika rere ōrite, arā, ka whakatikatikaina te pūwero i te wā e kore e rerekē te tere rere. Mō te pēhanga hauhautanga, e rima ngā tikanga whakatikatika e whai ake nei:
(1) Te whakahaere i te rere o te putanga.
(2) Te whakahaere i te rere o te urunga.
(3) Hurihia te whakahaere tere.
(4) Tahurihia te arataki whakauru hei whakarite.
(5) Te whakatikatika i te putanga hau, te whakapūnga rānei.
18. He aha te pānga o te tere ki te mahi a te pūwhakakoi?
Ko te tere o te pūwero he mahi ki te whakarerekē i te pihi mahi o te pūwero, engari he pumau tonu te whai huatanga, nō reira, koinei te momo pai rawa atu o te tikanga whakarerekētanga pūwero.
19. He aha te tikanga o te whakatikatika pēhanga ōrite, te whakatikatika rere ōrite me te whakatikatika ōwehenga?
(1) Ko te whakahaere pēhanga ōrite e pā ana ki te whakahaere i te pupuri i te pēhanga putanga o te pūwero kia kaua e rerekē, me te whakarerekē noa i te rere o te hau.
(2) Ko te whakahaere rere ōrite e pā ana ki te whakahaere i te tere rere o te reo hau e haria ana e te pūwero hau kāore i rerekē, engari ko te pēhanga tukunga anake e whakarerekētia ana.
(3) Ko te whakaritenga taurite e pā ana ki te whakaritenga e pupuri ana i te ōwehenga pēhanga kia kaua e rerekē (pēnei i te whakaritenga ārai-ngaru), e pupuri ana rānei i te ōrau rere rōrahi o ngā pāpāho hau e rua kia kaua e rerekē.
20. He aha te whatunga paipa? He aha ōna wāhanga?
Ko te whatunga paipa te pūnaha paipa mō te pūwero hau hei whakatutuki i te mahi kawe hau. Ko te mea kei mua i te tomokanga pūwero ka kiia ko te paipa momi, ā, ko te mea kei muri i te putanga pūwero ka kiia ko te paipa tuku. Ko te tapeke o ngā paipa momi me te tuku he pūnaha paipa katoa. E kiia ana he whatunga paipa.
Ko te whatunga paipa e wha ngā wāhanga matua: ngā paipa, ngā hononga paipa, ngā takirere me ngā taputapu.
21. He aha te kino o te kaha tuaka?
E tere ana te hurihuri. Ka mahi tonu te kaha tuaka mai i te taha pēhanga teitei ki te taha pēhanga iti. I raro i te mahi a te kaha tuaka, ka puta he nekehanga tuaka o te hurihuri i te ahunga o te kaha tuaka, ā, ka puta he paheke i waenganui i te porowhita me te rakau whāriki nā te nekehanga tuaka o te hurihuri. Nō reira, ka taea te taumaha i te porowhita, i te rakau whāriki rānei. He mea nui ake, nā te nekehanga o te hurihuri, ka puta he waku, he tukinga, tae noa ki te kino miihini i waenganui i te huānga hurihuri me te huānga stator. Nā te kaha tuaka o te hurihuri, ka puta he waku me te pakaru o ngā wāhanga. Nō reira, me mahi ngā mahi whai hua hei whakataurite i a ia hei whakapai ake i te pono o te mahi a te waeine.
22. He aha ngā tikanga taurite mō te kaha tuaka?
He raruraru tau-tauhou te taurite o te kaha tuaka e tika ana kia whakaarohia i roto i te hoahoa o ngā pūwero porowhita maha-wāhanga. I tēnei wā, e rua ngā tikanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana:
(1) Kei te ritenga atu ngā impeller (kei te taha pēhanga teitei me te taha pēhanga iti o te impeller e tū whakamuri ana)
Ko te kaha tuaka i hangaia e te impeller kotahi-wāhanga e tohu ana ki te tomokanga o te impeller, arā, mai i te taha pēhanga teitei ki te taha pēhanga iti. Mena ka whakaritea ngā impeller maha-wāhanga kia rite ki te raupapa, ko te kaha tuaka katoa o te rotor ko te tapeke o ngā kaha tuaka o ngā impeller i ngā taumata katoa. Mā tēnei whakaritenga ka tino nui te kaha tuaka o te rotor. Mena ka whakaritea ngā impeller maha-wāhanga ki ngā ahunga rerekē, ka whakaputahia e ngā impeller me ngā tomokanga rerekē he kaha tuaka ki te ahunga rerekē, ka taea te taurite tetahi ki tetahi. Nō reira, ko te whakaritenga rerekē te tikanga taurite kaha tuaka e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā compressors centrifugal maha-wāhanga.
(2) Whakatakotoria te kōpae taurite
Ko te kōpae taurite he taputapu taurite kaha tuaka e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā pūwero porowhita maha-wāhanga. Ko te kōpae taurite ka tāutahia ki te taha pēhanga teitei, ā, ka whakaratohia he hiri labyrinth i waenganui i te taha o waho me te rango, kia mau tonu ai te taha pēhanga iti e hono ana i te taha pēhanga teitei me te tomokanga pūwero. Ko te kaha tuaka i hangaia e te rerekētanga pēhanga he ritenga kē ki te kaha tuaka i hangaia e te impeller, ā, ka taurite te kaha tuaka i hangaia e te impeller.
23. He aha te kaupapa o te taurite kaha tuaka o te hurihuri?
Ko te whāinga matua o te taurite hurihuri ko te whakaiti i te pana axial me te kawenga o te peera pana. I te nuinga o te wā, ka whakakorea te 70℅ o te kaha axial e te pereti taurite, ā, ko te 30℅ e toe ana ko te kawenga o te peera pana. He mehua whai hua te kaha axial ki te whakapai ake i te mahi maeneene o te hurihuri.
24. He aha te take i piki ake ai te pāmahana o te tāera pana?
(1) Kāore i te whaitake te hoahoa hanganga, he iti te horahanga o te taera pana, ā, ko te kawenga mō ia horahanga he nui ake i te paerewa.
(2) Ka rahua te hiri i waenganui i ngā wāhanga, ka turuturu te hau mai i te putanga o te impeller o te wāhanga whakamutunga ki te wāhanga o mua, ka piki ake te rerekētanga pēhanga i ngā taha e rua o te impeller, ā, ka nui ake te pana.
(3) Kua āraia te paipa taurite, kāore e taea te tango i te pēhanga o te rūma pēhanga āwhina o te pereti taurite, ā, kāore e taea te purei i te mahi a te pereti taurite i te tikanga noa.
(4) Ka pakaru te hiri o te kōpae taurite, kāore e taea te pupuri i te pēhanga o te rūma mahi kia rite tonu, ka heke te kaha taurite, ā, ka whakawhitia tetahi wāhanga o te kawenga ki te papa pana, ka meinga te papa pana kia mahi i raro i te taumaha rawa.
(5) He iti te kōhao o te hinu pana, kāore i te rawaka te rere o te hinu whakamatao, ā, kāore e taea te tango katoa i te wera i puta mai i te waku.
(6) Mena kei roto i te hinu whakahinuhinu he wai, he poke rānei, kāore e taea e te papa pana te hanga i te whakahinuhinu wai katoa.
(7) He teitei rawa te pāmahana whakauru hinu o te peera, ā, he kino te taiao mahi o te papa pana.
25. Me pēhea te whakatau i te pāmahana tiketike o te tāera pana?
(1) Tirohia te pēhanga o te papa pana, whakawhānuihia te rohe whāngai o te papa pana, ā, kia eke te kawenga whāngai pana ki roto i te awhe paerewa.
(2) Wetewetehia, tirohia hoki te hiri i waenganui i ngā wāhanga, ā, whakakapia ngā wāhanga hiri i waenganui i ngā wāhanga kua pakaru.
(3) Tirohia te paipa taurite, tangohia te mea e ārai ana, kia taea ai te tango i te pēhanga o te rūma pēhanga āwhina o te pereti taurite i te wā tika, kia pai ai te kaha o te pereti taurite ki te taurite.
(4) Whakakapia te rīpene hiri o te kōpae taurite, whakapai ake i te mahi hiri o te kōpae taurite, pupuri i te pēhanga i roto i te rūma mahi o te kōpae taurite, me te hanga i te pana tuaka kia taurite.
(5) Whakawhanuihia te whānui o te kōhao whakauru hinu, whakanuia te nui o te hinu whakahinuhinu, kia taea ai te tango i te wera i puta mai i te waku i roto i te wā.
(6) Whakakapia te hinu whakahinuhinu hou kua tohua kia mau tonu ai te mahi whakahinuhinu a te hinu whakahinuhinu.
(7) Whakatuwheratia ngā takirere wai tomo me te wai whakahoki o te pouaka whakamatao, whakanuia te nui o te wai whakamatao, me te whakaiti i te pāmahana o te hinu e tukuna ana.
26. Ina tino pēhia rawatia te pūnaha whakahiato, me aha ngā kaimahi o te pūwero whakakotahi?
(1) Whakamōhio atu ki ngā kaimahi o te papa hangahanga kia whakatuwherahia te PV2001 hei whakamama i te pēhanga.
(2) Whakamōhio atu ki ngā kaimahi tirotiro i te pūwero honohono i te papaanga kia whakatuwhera i te putanga tuarua o te pūwero kia puta ai te pēhanga ā-ringa (mēnā he āhuatanga ohorere), ā, kia aro ki te aroturukitanga me te ārai huaketo a te kaiwhakahaere.
27. Me pēhea te hurihanga o te pūnaha whakahiato e te pūwero whakakotahi?
Me whakakī te pūnaha whakahiato ki te hauota, ā, me whakamahana i raro i tētahi pēhanga i mua i te tīmatanga o te pūnaha whakahiato. Nō reira, me whakahohe te pūhiko hauhanga hei whakatū i tētahi huringa ki te pūnaha whakahiato.
(1) Tīmatahia te tāpine pūwero syngas kia rite ki te tikanga tīmatanga noa, ka whakahaere ki te tere noa me te kore kawenga.
(2) Whai muri i te pupuri i tētahi pouaka whakamatao ārai-puku, ka tomo te hau ki tētahi wāhanga o te hau whakauru hei hoki mai, ā, kaua e nui rawa te rere o te hokinga mai, ā, kia tūpato kei wera rawa.
(3) Whakamahia te takirere ārai-ngaru i te wāhanga tohanga hei whakahaere i te rōrahi me te pēhanga hau ki roto i te pūnaha whakahiato hei pupuri i te pāmahana o te pourewa whakahiato.
28. Ina hiahia te pūnaha whakahiato ki te tapahi tere i te hau (kāore te pūwero e mutu), me pēhea te mahi a te pūwero whakakotahi?
Me whakamahi he mahi whakamutu ohorere mō ngā pūwero whakakotahi:
(1) Pūrongo ki te rūma tuku ka tapahia wawetia te hau e te pūwero hononga, whakawhitihia te hiri tuatahi ki te hauota pēhanga-waenga, ka tukuna te hau o te pūwero hononga ki te wāhanga (wāhanga purenga), ā, kia aro ki te pupuri i te pēhanga.
(2) Whakatuwheratia te takirere ārai-ngaru i te wāhanga hou hei whakaiti i te nui o te hau hou, ā, whakatuwheratia te takirere ārai-ngaru i te wāhanga tohanga hei whakaiti i te nui o te hau tohanga.
(3) Katia a XV2683, katia a XV2681 me XV2682.
(4) Whakatuwheratia te takirere hau PV2620 i te putanga o te wāhanga tuarua o te pūwero, ka whakaiti i te pēhanga o te tinana i te tere o te ≤0.15Mpa/min. Ka oma te pūwero hau hangai me te kore kawenga; ka whakaitihia te pēhanga o te pūnaha hangai.
(5) I muri i te otinga o te aituā o te pūnaha whakahiato, ka utaina te hauota mai i te tomokanga o te pūwhakakoi whakakotahi hei whakakapi i te pūnaha whakahiato, ā, ka whakahaerehia te tohanga, ā, ka puritia te pūnaha whakahiato i raro i te wera me te pēhanga.
29. Me pēhea te tāpiri i te hau hou?
I raro i ngā āhuatanga noa, ka tuwhera katoa te takirere XV2683 o te wāhanga whakauru, ā, ko te nui o te hau hou ka taea anake te whakahaere mā te takirere ārai-ngaru i roto i te wāhanga hou i muri i te whakamatao ārai-ngaru. Te kaupapa o te nui o te hau hou.
30. Me pēhea te whakahaere i te tere o te hau mā te pūwhakakoi?
Ko te whakahaere i te tere o te wāhi mā te whakamahi i te pūwero hau syngas he whakarerekē i te tere o te wāhi mā te whakanui ake, te whakaiti rānei i te nui o te tohanga. Nō reira, i raro i te āhua o tētahi nui o te hau hou, mā te whakanui ake i te nui o te hau tohanga hangai ka whakanui ake i te tere o te wāhi, engari ko te pikinga o te tere o te wāhi ka pā ki te methanol. Ka pāngia te tauhohenga hangai e tētahi pānga.
31. Me pēhea te whakahaere i te nui o te tohanga waihanga?
Ka whakawhāitihia te pūwero e te takirere ārai-ngaru i te wāhanga tohanga.
32. He aha ngā take kāore e taea te whakanui ake i te nui o te tohanga hangai?
(1) He iti te nui o te hau hou. Ina pai te tauhohenga, ka whakaitihia te rōrahi, ā, ka tere rawa te heke o te pēhanga, ka iti te pēhanga putanga. I tēnei wā, me whakanui ake te tere o te wāhi hei whakahaere i te tere o te tauhohenga hanga.
(2) He nui rawa te rōrahi whakaputa hau (te rōrahi hau whakangā) o te pūnaha whakahiato, ā, he nui rawa hoki te PV2001.
(3) He nui rawa te whakatuwheratanga o te takirere ārai-ngaru hau e rere ana, ka nui te rerenga hau e hoki whakamuri ana.
33. He aha ngā hononga i waenganui i te pūnaha whakahiato me te pūwhakakoi whakakotahi?
(1) Ko te rohe o raro o te taumata wai o te pahu mamaoa he iti iho i te 10℅, he rite rānei ki te 10℅, kua honoa ki te pūwhakakoi whakakotahi, ā, kua katihia a XV2683 kia kore ai e maroke te pahu mamaoa.
(2) Ko te rohe o runga o te taumata wai o te wehewehe methanol he ≥90℅, ā, kua honoa ki te pūwero whakakotahi hei tiaki i te hinganga, ā, kua katihia a XV2681, XV2682, me XV2683 hei ārai i te wai kei uru ki te rango pūwero whakakotahi, ā, kei kino te impeller.
(3) Ko te rohe o runga o te pāmahana wera o te pourewa whakahiato he ≥275°C, ā, kua honoa ki te pūwhakakoi whakakotahi hei peke.
34. Me aha mēnā he tino teitei rawa te pāmahana o te hau e rere ana i roto i te hanganga?
(1) Tirohia mēnā ka piki te pāmahana o te hau e rere ana i roto i te pūnaha hanga. Mēnā he teitei ake i te taupū, me whakaiti te rōrahi rere, me whakamōhio rānei ki te kaituku kia whakanuia te pēhanga wai, kia whakaitihia rānei te pāmahana wai.
(2) Mātakihia mēnā ka piki ake te pāmahana wai whakahoki o te pouaka whakamatao ārai-ngaru. Ki te piki ake, he nui rawa te rere o te hau whakahoki, ā, he ngoikore te pānga whakamatao. I tēnei wā, me whakanui ake te nui o te tohanga.
35. Me pēhea te tāpiri i te hau hou me te hau e rere ana i te wā e taraiwa ana i te miihini hangai?
Ina tīmata te hanga, nā te iti o te pāmahana hau me te iti o te pāmahana wera o te pūwhakarewa, ka whakawhāitihia te tauhohenga hanga. I tēnei wā, ko te horopeta me aro nui ki te whakau i te pāmahana o te moenga pūwhakarewa. Nō reira, me tāpiri te nui o te rere i mua i te horopeta hau hou (ko te rahinga hau e rere ana i te nuinga o te wā he 4 ki te 6 ngā wā i te rahinga hau hou), kātahi ka tāpirihia te rahinga hau hou. Me puhoi te tukanga tāpiri rahinga, ā, me whai wā motuhake (ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakawhirinaki ki te kaha ki te pupuri i te pāmahana wera o te pūwhakarewa, ā, kei te piki haere). Kia tae ki te taumata, me whakaweto pea te mamaoa tīmatanga i te hanga. Katia te takirere ārai-ngaru o te wāhanga hou, ka tāpirihia te hau hou. Katia te takirere ārai-ngaru i te wāhanga rere iti, ka tāpirihia te rahinga hau e rere ana.
36. Ina tīmata, ina mutu rānei te pūnaha whakahiato, me pēhea te whakamahi i te pūwero hei pupuri i te wera me te pēhanga?
Ka utaina te hauota mai i te tomokanga o te pūwero whakakotahi hei whakakapi me te pēhanga i te pūnaha hanga. Ka hurihia te pūwero whakakotahi me te pūnaha hanga. I te nuinga o te wā, ka whakawāteahia te pūnaha i runga i te pēhanga o te pūnaha hanga. Ka whakamahia te tere o te wāhi hei pupuri i te pāmahana i te putanga o te pourewa hanga, ā, ka tahurihia te mamaoa tīmatanga hei whakarato i te wera, te pēhanga iti me te tere iti o te pūnaha hanga.
37. Ina tīmatahia te pūnaha whakahiato, me pēhea te whakanui ake i te pēhanga o te pūnaha whakahiato? Kia pēhea te tere o te whakahaere i te pikinga pēhanga?
Ko te whakanui i te pēhanga o te pūnaha whakahiato ka tutukihia mā te whakanui ake i te nui o te hau hou me te whakanui ake i te pēhanga o te hau e rere ana. Ina koa, mā te kati i te ārai-ngaru i roto i te wāhanga hou iti ka taea te whakanui ake i te nui o te hau hou whakahiato; mā te kati i te takirere ārai-ngaru i roto i te wāhanga rere iti ka taea te whakahaere i te pēhanga whakahiato. I te wā tīmatanga noa, ko te tere whakanui pēhanga o te pūnaha whakahiato ka whakahaerehia i te 0.4MPa/min.
38. Ina wera te pourewa whakahiato, me pēhea te whakamahi i te pūwero whakakotahi hei whakahaere i te tere whakamahana o te pourewa whakahiato? He aha te taupū whakahaere o te tere whakamahana?
Ina piki te pāmahana, i tētahi taha, ka tahuri te mamaoa tīmatanga hei whakarato wera, ka akiaki i te rere o te wai o te pōro, ā, ka piki te pāmahana o te pourewa whakahiato; Nō reira, ko te pikinga o te pāmahana o te pourewa ka whakatikatikaina mā te whakatikatika i te nui o te rere i te wā e whakamahana ana. Ko te taupū whakahaere o te tere whakamahana he 25℃/h.
39. Me pēhea te whakarite i te rere o te hau ārai-puku i te wāhanga hou me te wāhanga hurihuri?
Ina tata te āhua o te mahi a te pūwero ki te āhua o te ngaru, me whakahaere te whakatikatika ārai-ngaru. I mua i te whakatikatika, kia kore ai e nui rawa te piki me te heke o te rōrahi hau pūnaha, me arotake tuatahi ko tēhea wāhanga e tata ana ki te āhua o te ngaru, kātahi ka whakatuwhera tika i te wāhanga. Me whakamahi te takirere ārai-ngaru hei whakakore i tēnei, me te aro ki te piki me te heke o te rōrahi hau pūnaha (kia mau tonu te pumau o te rōrahi hau e tomo ana ki te pourewa i te mea ka taea), engari kaua e whakatuwhera i ngā takirere ārai-ngaru e rua i te wā kotahi hei whakakore i te ngaru.
40. Pēhi He aha te take o te wai i te tomokanga o te pūwhakakoi?
(1) He teitei te pāmahana o te hau tukatuka i tukuna e te pūnaha o mua, kāore te hau i tino whakakōkītia, he roa rawa te paipa tuku hau, ā, kei roto i te hau he wai i muri i te whakakōkī i roto i te paipa.
(2) He teitei te pāmahana o te pūnaha tukatuka, ā, ko ngā wāhanga he iti ake te kohua i roto i te reo hau ka whakakōpikopikotia hei wai.
(3) He nui rawa te taumata wai o te wehewehe, ka hua ake te herenga o te hau-wai.
41. Me pēhea te whakahaere i te wai i roto i te tomokanga o te pūwero?
(1) Whakapā atu ki te pūnaha o mua hei whakarerekē i te mahi o te tukanga.
(2) Ka whakanuia e te pūnaha te maha o ngā tukunga wehewehe e tika ana.
(3) Whakaitihia te taumata wai o te wehewehe hei ārai i te urunga o te hau ki te wai.
42. He aha ngā take i heke ai te mahi a te waeine kōpeke whakakotahi?
(1) Kua tino pakaru te hiri o te pūwero, kua heke te mahi hiri, ā, kua piki ake te rere whakamuri o roto o te hau.
(2) Kua tino pakaru te impeller, kua heke te mahi a te rotor, ā, kāore e taea e te hau te whiwhi i te kaha nekeneke e ranea ana.
(3) Kua āraia te tātari mamaoa o te tāpine mamaoa, kua āraia te rere o te mamaoa, he iti te tere rere, ā, he nui te rerekētanga pēhanga, ka pā ki te mana putanga o te tāpine mamaoa, ka whakaiti i te mahi a te waeine.
(4) He iti iho te tohu korehau i ngā whakaritenga taupū, ā, kua āraia te putanga o te tāpine mamaoa.
(5) He iti iho ngā tawhā pāmahana me te pēhanga o te mamaoa i te taupū whakahaere, ā, he iti te pūngao ā-roto o te mamaoa, kāore e taea te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga whakaputa me te whakahaere o te waeine.
(6) Ka puta te āhua o te ngaru.
43. He aha ngā tawhā matua o te mahi a ngā pūwero hiko?
Ko ngā tawhā mahi matua o ngā pūwero toriti ko: te rere, te pēhanga putanga, te ōwehenga pēhanga rānei, te mana, te whai huatanga, te tere, te upoko pūngao, me ētahi atu.
Ko ngā tawhā mahi matua o ngā taputapu ko ngā raraunga taketake hei whakaahua i ngā āhuatanga hanganga o ngā taputapu, te kaha mahi, te taiao mahi, me ētahi atu, ā, he rauemi ārahi nui ēnei mā ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te hoko taputapu me te whakarite mahere.
44. He aha te tikanga o te whai huatanga?
Ko te whai huatanga ko te nui o te whakamahinga o te pūngao e tukuna ana ki te hau e te pūwero hau. Ka teitei ake te nui o te whakamahinga, ka teitei ake te whai huatanga o te pūwero hau.
I te mea e toru ngā tukanga o te pēhitanga hau: te pēhitanga taurangi, te pēhitanga adiabatic me te pēhitanga isothermal, ka wehea hoki te whai huatanga o te pēhitanga ki te whai huatanga taurangi, te whai huatanga adiabatic me te whai huatanga isothermal.
45. He aha te tikanga o te ōwehenga kōpeketanga?
Ko te ōwehenga kōpeketanga e kōrerohia nei e pā ana ki te ōwehenga o te pēhanga hau tukunga kōpeketanga ki te pēhanga whakauru, nō reira i ētahi wā ka kiia ko te ōwehenga pēhanga, ko te ōwehenga pēhanga rānei.
46. He aha ngā wāhanga o te pūnaha hinu whakahinuhinu?
Ko te pūnaha hinu whakahinuhinu he teihana hinu whakahinuhinu, he tāke hinu taumata-tiketike, he paipa honohono waenga, he takirere whakahaere me te taputapu whakamātautau.
Kei roto i te teihana hinu whakahinuhinu he tāke hinu, he papu hinu, he whakamatao hinu, he tātari hinu, he takirere whakahaere pēhanga, he maha ngā taputapu whakamātautau, he paipa hinu me ngā takirere.
47. He aha te mahi a te tāke wahie taumata teitei?
Ko te tāke wahie taumata-teitei tētahi o ngā mahi tiaki haumaru mō te waeine. Ina mahi noa te waeine, ka tomo te hinu whakahinuhinu mai i raro ka tukuna tika mai i runga ki te tāke wahie. Ka rere mā roto i ngā pūwāhi whakahinuhinu i te rārangi urunga hinu, ka hoki ki te tāke hinu hei whakarite i te hiahia mō te hinu whakahinuhinu i te wā e mahi mangere ana te waeine.
48. He aha ngā tikanga tiaki haumaru e wātea ana mō te waeine pūwero whakakotahi?
(1) Tāke wahie taumata teitei
(2) Takirere haumaru
(3) Pūwhakaemi
(4) Takirere kati tere
(5) Ētahi atu taputapu raka
49. He aha te kaupapa hiri o te hiri arai?
Mā te huri i te pūngao pūmanawa (pēhanga) hei pūngao nekeneke (tere rere) me te whakamarara i te pūngao nekeneke i te āhua o ngā ia hurihuri.
50. He aha te mahi a te peera pana?
E rua ngā mahi a te peera pana: te pikau i te pana o te rotor me te whakanoho i te rotor ki te tuaka. Ka pikau te peera pana i tētahi wāhanga o te pana o te rotor kāore anō kia tauritehia e te piston taurite me te pana mai i te hononga taputapu. Ko te rahi o ēnei pana ka whakatauhia e te kawenga o te tāhūhū mamaoa. Hei tāpiri, ka mahi anō te peera pana ki te whakau i te tūranga tuaka o te rotor e pā ana ki te rango.
51. He aha me tuku wawe te pēhanga o te tinana e te pūwero whakakotahi ina mutu?
Nā te mea ka roa te wā e kati ana te pūwero i raro i te pēhanga, ki te kore e taea e te pēhanga tomo o te hau hiri tuatahi te teitei ake i te pēhanga tomo o te pūwero, ka pakaru te hau tukatuka kāore i tātarihia i roto i te mīhini ki roto i te hiri, ā, ka pakaru te hiri.
52. Te mahi a te hiri?
Hei whakatutuki i te pānga mahi pai o te pūwero hiko, me waiho he āputa i waenganui i te rotor me te stator hei karo i te waku, te kakahu, te tukinga, te pakaru me ētahi atu aituā. I taua wā anō, nā te mea he āputa, ka puta noa te turuturu i waenganui i ngā wāhanga me ngā pito o te pou. Ehara i te mea ka whakaiti noa te turuturu i te whai huatanga o te mahi a te pūwero, engari ka arahi hoki ki te parahanga taiao me ngā aituā pahūtanga. Nō reira, kāore e taea te tuku i te āhuatanga turuturu kia puta. He mahi whai hua te hiri hei karo i te turuturu i waenganui i ngā wāhanga o te pūwero me te turuturu o te pito o te pou, me te pupuri tonu i te ātea tika i waenganui i te rotor me te stator.
53. He aha ngā momo taputapu hiri e whakarōpūtia ana i runga i ō rātou āhuatanga hanganga? He aha te mātāpono whiriwhiri?
E ai ki te pāmahana mahi a te pūwero, te pēhanga me te kino o te hau, ka rerekē ngā hanganga o te hiri, ā, e kiia ana ko te taputapu hiri.
E ai ki ngā āhuatanga hanganga, e rima ngā momo o te taputapu hiri: te momo tango hau, te momo rīpene, te momo mowhiti mānu, te momo mīhini me te momo porowhita. Ko te tikanga, mō ngā hau paitini me ngā hau kino, mura me ngā hau pahū, me whakamahi te momo mowhiti mānu, te momo mīhini, te momo tīwiri me te momo tango hau.
54. He aha te hiri hau?
He hiri kore-pā te hiri hau, ā, he hinu hau hei hinu whakahinuhinu. Mā te hoahoa auaha o te hanganga o te huānga hiri me te mahi pai o taua hiri, ka taea te whakaiti i te turuturu ki te iti rawa.
Ko ōna āhuatanga me te kaupapa hiri:
(1) He pumau tonu te nohoanga hiri me te rotor
Kua hangaia he poraka hiri me he ārai hiri ki te mata pito (mata hiri tuatahi) o te nohoanga hiri e anga atu ana ki te mowhiti tuatahi. He rerekē ngā rahi me ngā āhua o ngā poraka hiri. Ina huri te rotor i te tere teitei, ka puta he pēhanga i te wā e werohia ana te hau, ka panaia te mowhiti tuatahi kia wehe, ka hanga he hinu whakahinuhinu hau, ka whakaiti i te pakaru o te mata hiri tuatahi, ā, ka ārai i te turuturu o te reo hau ki te iti rawa. Ka whakamahia te ārai hiri mō te tūnga ina puta te hau kiko.
(2) Me whai pūtake hau hiri pumau tēnei momo hiri, he hau waenga, he hau kore mahi rānei. Ahakoa te hau e whakamahia ana, me tātari, me kī he hau ma.
55. Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i te hiri hau maroke?
Mō te āhuatanga e kore ai te hau tukatuka e turuturu ki te āhuarangi, e kore hoki te hau ārai e tomo ki te mīhini, ka whakamahia he hiri hau maroke raupapa me te urunga hau waenga.
He pai ngā hiri hau maroke takirua noa mō ngā āhuatanga e turuturu ana te iti o te hau tukatuka ki te āhuarangi, ā, ka whakamahia te hiri tuatahi i te taha āhuarangi hei hiri haumaru.
56. He aha te mahi matua a te hau hiri tuatahi?
Ko te mahi matua o te hau hiri tuatahi ko te ārai i te hau poke i roto i te pūwero whakakotahi kei poke i te mata o te hiri tuatahi. I taua wā anō, me te hurihanga tere o te pūwero, ka papua ki te kōhao rama whakaputa hiri tuatahi mā te awaawa porowhita o te mata o te mata o te hiri tuatahi, ā, ka hangaia he kiriata hau pakari i waenganui i ngā mata o te hiri hei whakahinuhinu me te whakamatao i te mata o te pito. Ko te nuinga o te hau ka uru ki te mīhini mā te arai pito o te kakau, ā, he wāhanga iti noa iho o te hau ka uru ki te kōhao rama whakaputa hiri mā te mata o te hiri tuatahi.
57. He aha te mahi matua a te hau hiri tuarua?
Ko te mahi matua o te hau hiri tuarua ko te ārai i te turuturu o te iti o te reo hau mai i te mata o te hiri tuatahi ki te mata o te hiri tuarua, me te whakarite kia haumaru, kia pono hoki te mahi a te hiri tuarua. Ka tomo te kōhao o te rama whakapūngao hiri tuarua ki te paipa rama whakapūngao, ā, he wāhanga iti noa iho o te hau ka tomo ki te kōhao whakapūngao hiri tuarua mā te mata o te hiri tuarua, kātahi ka whakapūngao i te wāhi teitei.
58. He aha te mahi matua a te hau whakawehe o muri?
Ko te kaupapa matua o te hau wehe o muri ko te whakarite kia kore te mata o te hiri tuarua e poke i te hinu whakahinuhinu o te peera compressor whakakotahi. Ka tukuna tetahi wāhanga o te hau mā te arai heru o roto o te hiri o muri, ā, ka turuturu tetahi wāhanga iti o te hau mai i te mata o te hiri tuarua; ka tukuna tetahi atu wāhanga o te hau mā te arai hinu whakahinuhinu peera mā te arai heru o waho o te hiri o muri.
59. He aha ngā mahi whakatūpato mō te whakahaere i mua i te whakamahinga o te pūnaha hiri hau maroke?
(1) Tāpirihia te hau whakawehe o muri 10 meneti i mua i te tīmatanga o te pūnaha hinu whakahinuhinu. Waihoki, ka taea te tapahi i te hau whakawehe o muri i muri i te korenga o te hinu e mahi mō te 10 meneti. I muri i te tīmatanga o te kawe hinu, kāore e taea te aukati i te hau whakawehe o muri, ki te kore ka pakaru te hiri.
(2) Ina whakamahia te tātari, me whakatuwhera mārire ngā takirere pōro o runga me raro o te tātari kia kore ai e pakaru te wāhanga tātari i te pānga pēhanga ohorere nā te tere rawa o te whakatuwheratanga.
(3) Ina whakamahia te mita rere, me whakatuwhera mārire ngā takirere pōro o runga me o raro kia mau tonu ai te rere.
(4) Tirohia mēnā he pumau te pēhanga o te pūtake hau hiri tuatahi, te hau hiri tuarua me te hau wehe o muri, me te mea kua āraia te tātari.
60. Me pēhea te whakahaere i te arataki wai mō V2402 me V2403 i roto i te teihana tio?
I mua i te taraiwa, me whakarite e V2402 me V2403 te taumata wai noa i mua i te wā. Ko ngā mahi motuhake koia ēnei:
(1) I mua i te whakatūnga i te taumata wai, whakatuwheratia ngā takirere o te V2402, te ua ārahi V2403 ki te paipa V2401 i mua, whakaū kua hurihia te arai "8" o te paipa, whakaū kua kati te takirere o te ua ārahi ki roto i te V2401, ā, whakaū kua tuwhera katoa te LV2420 me ōna takirere aukati o mua me muri. Whakaū kua tuwhera katoa a FV2401 me FV2402;
(2) Ka whakatinanahia te whakaurunga o te propylene ki roto i te V2402 i runga i te rerekētanga pēhanga, takitahi, whakatuwherahia te takirere putanga matua o ngā takirere V2401, XV2482, V2401 ki V2402, LV2421 me ōna takirere aukati o mua me muri, ā, āta whakatūria te taumata wai propylene o te V2402.
(3) Nā te taurite o te pēhanga i waenga i te V2402 me te V2403, ka taea anake te whakauru i te propylene ki roto i te V2403 mā te rerekētanga o te taumata wai.
(4) Me āta haere te tukanga arataki wai kia kore ai e nui rawa te pēhanga o V2402 me V2403. Kia eke te taumata wai noa o V2402 me V2403 ki te taumata noa, me kati te LV2421 me ōna takirere aukati o mua me muri, ā, me kati te V2402 me te V2403.
61. He aha ngā mahi hei whakaweto ohorere i te teihana tio?
Nā te korenga o te hiko, te papu hinu, te pahūtanga, te ahi, te motuhanga o te wai, te aukati hau o te taputapu, te ngaru nui o te kōpeketanga e kore e taea te whakakore, ka tere te whakaweto i te kōpeketanga. Mēnā ka puta he ahi i roto i te pūnaha, me whakaweto tonu te pūtake hau propylene, ā, me whakakapi te pēhanga ki te hauota.
(1) Whakawetohia te pūwero i te wāhi i puta ai te ahi, i roto rānei i te rūma whakahaere, ā, ki te taea, inehia, tuhia hoki te wā e neke ana. Whakawhitihia te hiri matua o te pūwero ki te hauota pēhanga reo.
(2) Ki te haere tonu te rere o te hinu (mēnā kāore he hiko e pakaru, ā, he pūtake hauota pēhanga iti kei reira), hurihia tonutia te rotor i muri i te mutu o te hurihuri o te rotor; ki te whakawetohia te pūnaha katoa, me huri ngā pātene whakahaere o te papu jet, te papu condensate me te papu hinu ki te tūranga momotu kia kore ai e tīmata aunoa te papu i muri i te whakahokinga mai o te puna hiko.
(3) Katia te takirere putanga o te wāhanga tuarua o te pūwhakakoi.
(4) Katia te takirere propylene ki roto, ki waho hoki i te pūnaha whakamatao.
(5) Ina tata te nekehanga korehau ki te kore, katihia te papu wai, ka kati hoki te pou hei hiri i te mamaoa.
(6) Kia tupato ki te whakarerekē i te nui o te rere anō, whakatuwheratia mārire te takirere tango tote tāpiri mēnā e tika ana, ā, katihia te papu waikeri ina kati te takirere whakauru o te aspirator.
(7) Kimihia te take mō te kati ohorere.
62. He aha ngā mahi hei whakaweto ohorere i te pūwero whakakotahi?
Nā te korenga o te hiko, te papu hinu, te pahūtanga, te ahi, te motuhanga o te wai, te aukati hau o te taputapu, te ngaru nui o te kōpeketanga e kore e taea te whakakore, ka tere te whakaweto i te kōpeketanga. Mēnā ka puta he ahi i roto i te pūnaha, me whakaweto tonu te pūtake hau propylene, ā, me whakakapi te pēhanga ki te hauota.
(1) Whakawetohia te pūwero i te wāhi i pā ai te hau, i roto rānei i te rūma whakahaere, ā, ki te taea, inehia, ka tuhia hoki te roa o te nekehanga.
(2) Ki te haere tonu te rere o te hinu (mēnā kāore he hiko e pakaru, ā, he pūtake hauota pēhanga iti kei reira), hurihia tonutia te rotor i muri i te mutu o te hurihuri o te rotor; ki te whakawetohia te pūnaha katoa, me huri ngā pātene whakahaere o te papu jet, te papu condensate me te papu hinu ki te tūranga momotu kia kore ai e tīmata aunoa te papu i muri i te whakahokinga mai o te puna hiko.
(3) Whakawhitihia te hiri tuatahi ki te hauota pēhanga-waenga i te wā tika, ā, whakaūtia kua kati a XV2683, XV2682, me XV2681, ā, ka whakatuwherahia te rūma whakahaere i te PV2620 ka whakahaere i te tere whakaheke pēhanga ≤0.15Mpa/min hei whakaiti i te pēhanga o te pūnaha kōpeke. Mēnā ka motuhia te hiko, ka mutu rānei te hau o te taputapu, ka kati aunoa te XV2681 i tēnei wā, ā, me whakamōhio atu ki te kaimahi kōpeke kia whakatuwherahia te takirere putanga tuarua o te kōpeke hei tuku ā-ringa i te pēhanga.
(4) Ina tata te nekehanga korehau ki te kore, katihia te papu wai, ka kati hoki te pou hei hiri i te mamaoa.
(5) Kia tupato ki te whakarerekē i te nui o te rere anō, whakatuwheratia mārire te takirere tango tote tāpiri mēnā e tika ana, ā, katihia te papu waikeri ina kati te takirere whakauru o te aspirator.
(6) Kimihia te take mō te kati ohorere.
Wā tuku: Mei-06-2022
